ABSTRACT
Objective: We explored the prescribing patterns of physicians in North Trinidad in treating upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in paediatric patients and the appropriateness of drugs prescribed. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted, with a sample size of 523 paediatric patients, diagnosed with an URTI during the period of June 2003 to 22 June 2005. The study was conducted at five Primary Health Care Facilities in North Trinidad. Results: The three most frequent URTIs diagnosed were non-specific URTI, common cold, and acute tonsillitis in rank order. Four patterns of prescribing were identified, (1) no drug therapy [1.9%]; (2) antibiotic therapy alone [6.1%]; (3) antibiotic and symptomatic therapy [53.0%]; and (4) symptomatic therapy alone [39.0%]. The, most frequently prescribed antibiotics were penicillins (amoxicillin [46.3%] and amoxicillin/clavulanate [5.3%]) and a macrolide (erythromycin [6.1%]). The three symptomatic agents most frequently prescribed were paracetamol [40.1%]; diphenhydramine [29.1%]; and normal saline nasal drops [14.2%]. In 112 cases with swab analyses done, of these, 98.2% revealed a growth of commensals only, while 1.8% grew pathogenic micro-organisms. Of the cases showing commensal growth only, 84.6% were treated with an antibiotic, 14.5% were treated with symptomatic agents alone and 0.9% received no drug therapy at all. Conclusions: A large proportion of paediatric patients diagnosed with an URTI in North Trinidad was prescribed antibiotics although not indicated The inappropriate use of antibiotics can potentiate the worldwide trend of antimicrobial resistance (AU)
Objetivo: Exploramos los patrones de prescripción de los médicos en Trinidad Norte para el tratamiento de infecciones del tracto superior respiratorio (URTI) en pacientes pediátricos y la adecuación de los medicamentos prescritos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo, con un tamaño de muestra de 523 pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados con una URTI entre junio 2003 y 22 junio de 2005. Este estudio fue realizado en 5 centros de atención primaria en Trinidad Norte. Resultados: Las 3 URTI más frecuentemente diagnosticadas fueron, por orden, URTI no específicas, resfriado común, y amigdalitis aguda. Se identificaron 4 patrones de prescripción, (1) sin tratamiento farmacológico [1,9%]; (2) tratamiento antibiótico solo [6,1%]; (3) tratamiento antibiótico y sintomático [53,0%]; y (4) tratamiento sintomático solo [39,0%]. Los antibióticos más frecuentemente prescritos fueron penicilinas (amoxicilina [46,3%] y amoxicilina/clavulánico [5,3%]) y macrólido (eritromicina [6,1%)]. Los 3 agentes sintomáticos más frecuentemente prescritos fueron paracetamol [40,1%]; difenhidramina [29,1%]; y gotas de suero salino normal [14,2%]. En 112 casos con análisis de torundas, de los que el 98,2% reveló crecimiento de comensales, mientras que en el 1,8% crecieron microorganismos patógenos. De los casos que mostraron crecimiento de comensales sólo, se trataron con antibiótico el 84,6%, con agentes sintomáticos solos el 14,5% y el 0,9% no recibió tratamiento alguno. Conclusiones: A una gran proporción de pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados con una URTI en Trinidad Norte se le prescribió antibióticos aunque no estaban indicados. El uso inadecuado de antibióticos puede potenciar la tendencia mundial hacia las resistencias antimicrobianas (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Primary Health Care , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Drug Utilization/standards , Retrospective Studies , Trinidad and TobagoABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We explored the prescribing patterns of physicians in North Trinidad in treating upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in paediatric patients and the appropriateness of drugs prescribed. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted, with a sample size of 523 paediatric patients, diagnosed with an URTI during the period of June 2003 to 22 June 2005. The study was conducted at five Primary Health Care Facilities in North Trinidad. RESULTS: The three most frequent URTIs diagnosed were non-specific URTI, common cold, and acute tonsillitis in rank order. Four patterns of prescribing were identified, (1) no drug therapy [1.9%]; (2) antibiotic therapy alone [6.1%]; (3) antibiotic and symptomatic therapy [53.0%]; and (4) symptomatic therapy alone [39.0%]. The, most frequently prescribed antibiotics were penicillins (amoxicillin [46.3%] and amoxicillin/clavulanate [5.3%]) and a macrolide (erythromycin [6.1%]). The three symptomatic agents most frequently prescribed were paracetamol [40.1%]; diphenhydramine [29.1%]; and normal saline nasal drops [14.2%]. In 112 cases with swab analyses done, of these, 98.2% revealed a growth of commensals only, while 1.8% grew pathogenic micro-organisms. Of the cases showing commensal growth only, 84.6% were treated with an antibiotic, 14.5% were treated with symptomatic agents alone and 0.9% received no drug therapy at all. CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of paediatric patients diagnosed with an URTI in North Trinidad was prescribed antibiotics although not indicated The inappropriate use of antibiotics can potentiate the worldwide trend of antimicrobial resistance.
